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class="post-title">【Linux操作系统】简学深悟启示录：Linux权限</h1><div id="post-meta"><div class="meta-firstline"><span class="post-meta-date"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">发表于</span><time class="post-meta-date-created" datetime="2025-07-13T22:00:00.000Z" title="发表于 2025-07-14 06:00:00">2025-07-14</time><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-history fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">更新于</span><time class="post-meta-date-updated" datetime="2025-07-13T22:00:00.000Z" title="更新于 2025-07-14 06:00:00">2025-07-14</time></span><span class="post-meta-categories"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="fas fa-inbox fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><a class="post-meta-categories" href="/categories/Linux/">Linux</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-wordcount"><i class="far fa-file-word fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">总字数:</span><span class="word-count">2846</span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><i class="far fa-clock fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读时长:</span><span>9分钟</span></span><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span class="post-meta-pv-cv" id="" data-flag-title=""><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">浏览量:</span><span id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="container post-content" id="article-container"><div id="post-outdate-notice" data="{&quot;limitDay&quot;:365,&quot;messagePrev&quot;:&quot;It has been&quot;,&quot;messageNext&quot;:&quot;days since the last update, the content of the article may be outdated.&quot;,&quot;postUpdate&quot;:&quot;2025-07-14 06:00:00&quot;}" hidden></div><p><code>Linux</code> 权限是系统通过对文件 &#x2F; 目录设置读（<code>r</code>）、写（<code>w</code>）、执行（<code>x</code>）权限，分别管控文件所有者、所属组及其他用户对其的访问操作，以保障系统安全</p>
<h1 id="shell的运行原理"><a href="#shell的运行原理" class="headerlink" title="shell的运行原理"></a>shell的运行原理</h1><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/3c8dbbcbd6ab4550aea172d8a59b0691.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>对于 <code>Linux</code> 来说，我们输入的命令行本质上就是在输入字符串，指令的本质就是调用在特定路径下存放的可执行文件，所有的指令最终都要在 <code>OS</code>（操作系统）内执行，但是 <code>OS</code> 的使用难度比较高，用户一般很难直接使用 <code>OS</code> 和他打交道，所以在用户输入的指令和 <code>OS</code> 之间设置了一层命令行解释器</p>
<p>命令行解释器会将命令翻译给核心（<code>kernel</code>）处理，同时将翻译后的结果给到使用者</p>
<p><strong>存在的意义：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>进行命令行解释 </li>
<li>保护 <code>OS</code>，对于用户的非法请求直接拦截，起到过滤器的效果</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="用户的分类"><a href="#用户的分类" class="headerlink" title="用户的分类"></a>用户的分类</h1><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/c7533a13a922423c82c06356f4bb63da.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p><strong>用户一般分为：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>root</code>：超级用户</li>
<li>普通用户：我们新建的用户，即 <code>adduser</code></li>
</ul>
<p>由于某些情况下，比如下载依赖的时候就需要切换到 <code>root</code> 账号才能下载，可以使用 <code>su</code> 指令进行切换</p>
<p>超级用户的命令提示符是 <code>#</code>，普通用户的命令提示符是 <code>$</code></p>
<h1 id="用户的切换"><a href="#用户的切换" class="headerlink" title="用户的切换"></a>用户的切换</h1><ul>
<li><strong>root用户切换普通用户</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]# su zzh_test</span><br><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 root]$</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>su user</code> 表示切换到普通用户，也可以使用<code>exit</code> 或 <code>ctrl+d</code> 退出 <code>root</code> 账号，普通用户切换普通用户同理</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>普通用户切换root用户</strong></li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ su -</span><br><span class="line">Password: </span><br><span class="line">Last login: Wed Jul  9 09:07:24 CST 2025 from IP on pts/0</span><br><span class="line">Last failed login: Wed Jul  9 22:23:47 CST 2025 from IP on ssh:notty</span><br><span class="line">There were 4128 failed login attempts since the last successful login.</span><br><span class="line">[root@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]#</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>或</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ su</span><br><span class="line">Password: </span><br><span class="line">[root@hcss-ecs-6aa4 zzh_test]#</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>su</code> 后面不加 <code>user</code> 默认表示切换到 <code>root</code> 用户，<code>su -</code> 也是切换到 <code>root</code> 用户，但是会显示登录时的时间、<code>IP</code> 等信息</p>
<p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/16e90fdecf0649ee92fcc2df7f20e97a.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p> <strong>关键差异对比</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th><strong>特性</strong></th>
<th><code>su</code>（无 <code>-</code>）</th>
<th><code>su -</code>（带 <code>-</code>）</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td><strong>环境变量</strong></td>
<td>保留当前用户的环境变量</td>
<td>加载目标用户的环境变量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>工作目录</strong></td>
<td>保持当前目录</td>
<td>切换到目标用户的主目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>用户体验</strong></td>
<td>部分命令可能因环境变量不匹配而无法正常工作（如找不到命令）</td>
<td>完全进入目标用户的环境，命令路径正常</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>使用场景</strong></td>
<td>临时执行特定命令，无需完整环境</td>
<td>需要以目标用户身份进行完整操作</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>例如，若要以<code>root</code>身份执行单个命令，可直接用 <code>su -c &quot;command&quot; root</code>；若要完整登录<code>root</code>环境，则用 <code>su -</code></p>
<p>🔥<strong>值得注意的是：</strong> </p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ <span class="built_in">sudo</span> <span class="built_in">whoami</span></span><br><span class="line">[<span class="built_in">sudo</span>] password <span class="keyword">for</span> zzh_test:</span><br><span class="line">root</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们如果想要对特定指令进行 <code>root</code> 身份运行又不想登录那么麻烦的话，可以用 <code>sudo</code> 进行提权，那么以后就可以使用 <code>sudo command</code> 的方式在 <code>root</code> 身份下快速执行命令</p>
<p>但是这种使用方式就会有疑问，因为输入的是普通账户的密码就能使用 <code>root</code> 的权限，那么这样岂不是显得 <code>su</code> 很没用，人人都可以用 <code>root</code> 了？</p>
<p>其实不是这样的，目前我们用 <code>adduser</code> 新建的用户，没有办法执行 <code>sudo</code>，系统不信任你，除非你添加到系统信任的白名单里才能执行以上操作</p>
<p>关于这部分知识到了后面会做介绍</p>
<h1 id="权限的访问属性"><a href="#权限的访问属性" class="headerlink" title="权限的访问属性"></a>权限的访问属性</h1><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/d13274bd6da449a68957aa6a8809f0a7.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>一件事是否允许被执行，取决于权限的属性，相当于一个人的身份</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-rwxrw-r-- 1 zzh_test zzh_test 44 Jun 29 20:41 text1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>看一个例子，该代码展示的是一个文件的详细信息</p>
<ul>
<li><code>r</code>表示可读</li>
<li><code>w</code> 表示可写</li>
<li><code>x</code> 表示可执行</li>
<li><code>-</code> 对应权限位置，表示没有权限</li>
</ul>
<p>对于文件和目录来说，<code>rwx</code> 的意思稍微有些区别：</p>
<ul>
<li><code>r</code> 对文件而言，具有读取文件内容的权限；对目录来说，具有浏览该目录信息的权限</li>
<li><code>w</code> 对文件而言，具有修改文件内容的权限；对目录来说具有删除移动目录内文件的权限</li>
<li><code>x</code> 对文件而言，具有执行文件的权限；对目录来说，具有进入目录的权限</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>但是这么一长串表示什么意思呢？</strong></p>
<p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/7d92475dc1594889bc656f2213c04a6c.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>在 <code>Linux</code> 里分为三种身份：<code>拥有者</code>，<code>所属组</code>，<code>其他人</code>（即除了拥有者，所属组以外的）</p>
<p><strong>举个例子讲解下所属组的具体作用：</strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>假设有甲和乙分别在同一家公司的 <code>A</code> 和 <code>B</code> 组，他们虽然在不同组但是负责同一项目，由于公司竞争机制，所以他们并不想所做的成果被互相看到，比如甲刚做好一个部分不想给乙看到，那么他可以直接设置该文件的其他人权限为 <code>---</code> ，但是这就无法给老板看成果了，因此就需要所属组，可以理解为白名单，把老板拉到这个所属组里，让老板有权限进行操作</p>
</blockquote>
<p>回到这个例子上：</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">-rwxrw-r-- 1 zzh_test zzh_test 44 Jun 29 20:41 text1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>第一位表示文件类型，之前讲过，<code>-</code> 表示文件，<code>d</code> 表示文件夹</li>
<li><code>2-4</code> 位表示拥有者的权限，对于该例子表示拥有者<code>可读可写可执行</code></li>
<li><code>5-7</code> 位表示所属组的权限，对于该例子表示所属组成员<code>可读可写</code></li>
<li><code>8-10</code> 位表示其他人的权限，对于该例子表示其他人<code>可读</code></li>
</ul>
<p>再往后看，第一个 <code>zzh_test</code> 表示文件所属用户，第二个 <code>zzh_test</code> 表示文件所属用户组</p>
<p>🔥<strong>值得注意的是：</strong> </p>
<ol>
<li><code>Linux</code> 系统中，文件名都是我们自己取的，例如 <code>test.c</code>，加上 <code>.c</code> 是为了方便我们知道这是个 <code>C</code> 语言文件，对于 <code>Linux</code> 系统来说这个文件名后缀没有直接意义，系统识别类型主要还是通过第一位的符号</li>
<li>创建用户时会默认创建一个同名的基本组，用户所属组的名字和用户名相同，默认情况下该用户会被包含在这个所属组中，即 <code>zzh_test</code> 用户默认是包含在 <code>zzh_test</code> 所属组的</li>
</ol>
<h1 id="权限的修改"><a href="#权限的修改" class="headerlink" title="权限的修改"></a>权限的修改</h1><h2 id="chmod"><a href="#chmod" class="headerlink" title="chmod"></a>chmod</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ ll text1</span><br><span class="line">---------- 1 zzh_test zzh_test 44 Jun 29 20:41 text1</span><br><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ <span class="built_in">chmod</span> u+rwx,g+rw,o+r text1</span><br><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ ll text1</span><br><span class="line">-rwxrw-r-- 1 zzh_test zzh_test 44 Jun 29 20:41 text1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>chmod</code> 用于设置文件的访问权限，只有文件的拥有者和 <code>root</code> 才可以改变文件的权限，<code>-R</code>  递归修改目录文件的权限</p>
<ul>
<li><code>+</code>：向权限范围增加权限代号所表示的权限</li>
<li><code>-</code>：向权限范围取消权限代号所表示的权限</li>
<li><code>=</code>：向权限范围赋予权限代号所表示的权限</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>用户符号：</strong>   </p>
<ul>
<li><code>u</code>：拥有者</li>
<li><code>g</code>：拥有者同组用</li>
<li><code>o</code>：其它用户</li>
<li><code>a</code>：所有用户</li>
</ul>
<p>🔥<strong>值得注意的是：</strong> </p>
<p>也可以通过 <code>chmod 000 text1</code> 的方式来修改权限，即将所有角色的权限取消，但一般修改不同角色的权限时用八进制，比如 <code>chmod 420 text1</code></p>
<p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/1ec5fcbd5b9c4fd4a93baa7b7daec656.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="chown"><a href="#chown" class="headerlink" title="chown"></a>chown</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@hcss-ecs-6aa4 zzh_test]# ll text1</span><br><span class="line">-rwxrw-r-- 1 zzh_test zzh_test 44 Jun 29 20:41 text1</span><br><span class="line">[root@hcss-ecs-6aa4 zzh_test]# <span class="built_in">chown</span> root text1</span><br><span class="line">[root@hcss-ecs-6aa4 zzh_test]# ll text1</span><br><span class="line">-rwxrw-r-- 1 root zzh_test 44 Jun 29 20:41 text1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><code>chown</code> 用于修改文件的拥有者，此命令只能由 <code>root</code> 使用，<code>-R</code> 递归修改文件或目录的所有者</p>
<h2 id="chgrp"><a href="#chgrp" class="headerlink" title="chgrp"></a>chgrp</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[zzh_test@hcss-ecs-6aa4 ~]$ charge other_group text1</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>修改文件或目录的所属组，<code>-R</code> 递归修改文件或目录的所属组</p>
<p>假设你是用户 <code>zzh_test</code>，属于 <code>zzh_group</code> 和 <code>dev_group</code> 两个组，你有一个自己的文件 <code>text1</code>（所有者是 <code>zzh_test</code>）。你可以把 <code>text1</code> 的所属组改成 <code>zzh_group</code> 或 <code>dev_group</code>（因为你是这两个组的成员），但不能改成 <code>root</code> 组或 <code>other_group</code>（如果你不在这些组里），会提示权限不足</p>
<h1 id="常见问题"><a href="#常见问题" class="headerlink" title="常见问题"></a>常见问题</h1><h2 id="umask掩码的作用？"><a href="#umask掩码的作用？" class="headerlink" title="umask掩码的作用？"></a>umask掩码的作用？</h2><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/9e784f36ffef4d0782f1ec8ec61a9427.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>系统会为新文件默认分配权限（通常文件是 <code>666</code>，目录是 <code>777</code>），而 <code>umask</code> 会 “屏蔽” 掉其中某些权限，最终权限 &#x3D; 默认权限 - <code>umask</code> 权限</p>
<p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/c732f28159574868a77955d622ee6c38.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>其实实际权限的计算是通过位运算实现的，但是为了计算简便直接相减也是可以的</p>
<p>例如：若 <code>umask</code> 为 <code>022</code>，则新文件权限为 <code>666 - 022 = 644</code>（即 <code>-rw-r--r--</code>），新目录权限为 <code>777 - 022 = 755</code>（即 <code>drwxr-xr-x</code>）</p>
<ul>
<li><p>默认情况下，系统创建文件和目录的权限可能过于宽松（如文件 <code>666</code>、目录 <code>777</code>），这会导致所有用户都能读写甚至执行文件，存在安全风险。通过 <code>umask</code> 屏蔽不必要的权限，确保文件和目录仅拥有完成任务所需的最低权限。例如，日志文件通常只需所有者可写，其他用户只读（<code>644</code>），此时 <code>umask</code> 可设为 <code>022</code></p>
</li>
<li><p>每次创建文件时手动指定权限（如 <code>chmod</code>）繁琐且易出错，<code>umask</code> 提供了自动化的默认权限设置机制。团队协作规范：团队环境中，统一的 <code>umask</code> 配置可确保所有成员创建的文件权限一致，避免因权限混乱导致的协作问题</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="如何防止文件被删除？"><a href="#如何防止文件被删除？" class="headerlink" title="如何防止文件被删除？"></a>如何防止文件被删除？</h2><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# <span class="built_in">chmod</span> +t /home/ <span class="comment"># 加上粘滞位</span></span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# <span class="built_in">ls</span> -ld /home/</span><br><span class="line">drwxrwxrwt. 3 root root 4096 9月 19 16:00 /home/</span><br><span class="line">[root@localhost ~]# su - litao</span><br><span class="line">[litao@localhost ~]$ <span class="built_in">rm</span> /home/abc.c <span class="comment">#litao不能删除别人的文件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span>：是否删除有写保护的普通空文件 <span class="string">&quot;/home/abc.c&quot;</span>？y</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">rm</span>: 无法删除<span class="string">&quot;/home/abc.c&quot;</span>: 不允许的操作</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们知道对于一个目录来说，<code>other</code> 只要具有 <code>w</code> 权限就可以对文件进行修改删除，但是常常我们只希望别人写入，而不是删除，为了实现只可写的权限，可以使用粘滞位 <code>chmod +t</code>，即 <code>x</code> 的位置被替换成 <code>t</code></p>
<p><strong>此时该目录下的文件只能由</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>root</code> 删除</li>
<li>该目录的所有者删除</li>
<li>该文件的所有者删除</li>
</ul>
<p>🔥<strong>值得注意的是：</strong> 一个文件能否被删除，并不由文件本身决定的，是由文件所处的目录权限决定的。因此粘滞位是给目录设置的，目录设置了粘滞位，文件除了上述所说的角色，其他人就无法删除了</p>
<h2 id="目录权限的区分"><a href="#目录权限的区分" class="headerlink" title="目录权限的区分"></a>目录权限的区分</h2><p><strong>目录的可执行权限是表示你可否在目录下执行命令：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>如果目录没有 <code>-x</code> 权限，则无法对目录执行任何命令，甚至无法 <code>cd</code> 进入目，即使目录仍然有 <code>-r</code> 读权限（这个地方很容易犯错，认为有读权限就可以进入目录读取目录下的文件）</li>
<li>如果目录具有 <code>-x</code> 权限，但没有 <code>-r</code> 权限，则用户可以执行命令，可以 <code>cd</code> 进入目录。但由于没有目录的读权限，所以在目录下，即使可以执行 <code>ls</code> 命令，但仍然没有权限读出目录下的文档（可以执行和可以实现是两码事）</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<h1 id="希望读者们多多三连支持"><a href="#希望读者们多多三连支持" class="headerlink" title="希望读者们多多三连支持"></a>希望读者们多多三连支持</h1><h1 id="小编会继续更新"><a href="#小编会继续更新" class="headerlink" title="小编会继续更新"></a>小编会继续更新</h1><h1 id="你们的鼓励就是我前进的动力！"><a href="#你们的鼓励就是我前进的动力！" class="headerlink" title="你们的鼓励就是我前进的动力！"></a>你们的鼓励就是我前进的动力！</h1><p><img src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/b0f2bdb8b2b24fbda51d00ec3304d54d.png" alt="请添加图片描述"></p>
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class="info-item-2">【Linux操作系统】简学深悟启示录：Linux环境基础开发工具使用</div></div><div class="info-2"><div class="info-item-1">本文将介绍关于Linux系统常用的工具包，便于后续的代码操作 软件包管理器yum对于 Linux 系统来说，下载软件是必不可少的，就像平常使用手机下载软件一样满足我们的日常需求，一般 Linux 有三种下载方式：  源代码下载： 从官网下载代码自行配置，虽说可以充分利用代码自行调配，但是上手使用难度太高 rpm下载： 使用命令获取文件安装，但是会涉及该安装包依赖于其他安装包等问题，需要手动解决，过程繁琐 yum下载： 也是使用命令获取文件安装，能够自动分析软件包的依赖关系，并从 yum 源中下载并安装所需的依赖包，大大简化了软件安装过程，虽说安装的版本可能不是最新的，但是简单易上手，通常来说是够用的  因此我们主要使用 yum 🤔那么yum是如何下载的呢？ 其实也没那么复杂，就拿手机来举例，跟 Linux 系统一样都叫做客户端，yum 就相当于是手机里的应用市场，是一个软件的仓库地址，告诉 yum 去哪里找软件，然后通过网络在服务器里找到对应的软件源来下载软件包，软件源又分为官方和第三方的  通常我们通过 yum list 查看可安装软件列表，或者 yum search...</div></div></div></a><a class="pagination-related" href="/2025/07/07/Linux/Linux%E5%9F%BA%E6%9C%AC%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4/" title="【Linux操作系统】简学深悟启示录：Linux基本指令"><img class="cover" src= "" data-lazy-src="https://picture-bed000.oss-cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20250705182234.jpg" onerror="onerror=null;src='/img/404.jpg'" alt="cover of next post"><div class="info 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class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户的分类</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%88%87%E6%8D%A2"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">用户的切换</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%B1%9E%E6%80%A7"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">权限的访问属性</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E7%9A%84%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text">权限的修改</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#chmod"><span class="toc-number">5.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">chmod</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#chown"><span class="toc-number">5.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">chown</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#chgrp"><span class="toc-number">5.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">chgrp</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text">常见问题</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#umask%E6%8E%A9%E7%A0%81%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8%EF%BC%9F"><span class="toc-number">6.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">umask掩码的作用？</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%98%B2%E6%AD%A2%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E8%A2%AB%E5%88%A0%E9%99%A4%EF%BC%9F"><span class="toc-number">6.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">如何防止文件被删除？</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%9B%AE%E5%BD%95%E6%9D%83%E9%99%90%E7%9A%84%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%86"><span class="toc-number">6.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">目录权限的区分</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E8%AF%BB%E8%80%85%E4%BB%AC%E5%A4%9A%E5%A4%9A%E4%B8%89%E8%BF%9E%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text">希望读者们多多三连支持</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%B0%8F%E7%BC%96%E4%BC%9A%E7%BB%A7%E7%BB%AD%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text">小编会继续更新</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%A0%E4%BB%AC%E7%9A%84%E9%BC%93%E5%8A%B1%E5%B0%B1%E6%98%AF%E6%88%91%E5%89%8D%E8%BF%9B%E7%9A%84%E5%8A%A8%E5%8A%9B%EF%BC%81"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text">你们的鼓励就是我前进的动力！</span></a></li></ol></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" 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